Monday, December 30, 2019

Analysis Of Milkman In Toni Morrisons Song Of Solomon

In Chapter 12 of Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, Milkman makes an offhand comment on the children playing the game depicting his family’s history, reporting: â€Å"The boy in the middle†¦ (it seemed always to be a boy) spun around with his eyes closed†¦ pointing† (Morrison 299). Like the boy at the center of the circle, Milkman blindly points his attention and â€Å"hog’s gut† in the direction of the women around him, causing them nothing but pain (216). His behavior is symptomatic of the possessive masculinity he exercises, courtesy of his father and in direct competition with the softer masculinity his aunt Pilate offers. Milkman inherits masculine possessiveness and dispassion from his father, Macon Dead, who makes a living through a cold†¦show more content†¦Moreover, Ruth’s close relationship with her father threatens Macon’s sole ownership, catapulting their friction. He comments on his daughters’ deliveries through Ruth’s father, aptly in tune with his possessiveness, adding: â€Å"She had her legs open and he was there†¦ he was a man before he was a doctor† (71). Failing to see his wife as anything but a sexual entity, he sexualizes her relationship with her father and negates the possibility of platonic intimacy between sexes. Furthermore, he emphasizes his jealousness and how it stems from having to share ownership, lamenting, â€Å"She said it had to be his decision†¦ She told me, her husband, that† (72). This reveals Macon’s belief that Ruth’s jurisdiction is not her own and must coincide with his, again defining her through marriage and stripping her of autonomy. Similarly, Milkman dehumanizes and objectifies the women around him. At the head of the fight, the novel introduces Milkman’s age as â€Å"twenty-two and†¦ had been fucking for six years,† highlighting the prominent role that sex with women plays in his maturity and erasing the individuality of the women behind the â€Å"fuck† (64). On the surface, his defense of his mother and defiance against his father conjures kindness and compassion; however, Milkman reveals his motives to be of a less pure origin. He struck his father back, not out of love for his mother, calling her â€Å"tooShow MoreRelatedEssay on Themes in Song Of Solomon2113 Words   |  9 PagesToni Morrison is one of the most talented and successful African-American authors of our time. Famous for works such as The Bluest Eye, Sula, and Beloved, Morrison has cultivated large audiences of all ethnicities and social classes with her creative style of writing. It is not Morrison’s talent o f creating new stories that attracts her fans. In contrast, it is her talent of revising and modernizing traditional Biblical and mythological stories that have been present in literature for centuries.Read More Essay on Flight in Song of Solomon1579 Words   |  7 PagesTheme of Flight in Song of Solomon    Clearly, the significant silences and the stunning absences throughout Morrisons texts become profoundly political as well as stylistically crucial. Morrison describes her own work as containing holes and spaces so the reader can come into it (Tate 125), testament to her rejection of theories that privilege j the author over the reader. Morrison disdains such hierarchies in which the reader as participant in the text is ignored: My writing expects, demandsRead More Analysis of Toni Morrison’s Song Of Solomon Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Toni Morrison’s Song Of Solomon When someone looks up at a bird they see something soaring through the sky free from the world’s troubles. Through out man’s history they have been trying to find a way to be as free as birds and learn to fly. Unfortunately it has been an unsuccessful feat for man to accomplish. Although man has never really been able to fly on their own, they are able to fly with the help from a little machinery and ingenuity. Macon Dead Jr, or milkman, the nicknameRead MoreBiblical Names In Toni Morrisons Song Of Solomon1574 Words   |  7 Pagesnames in the world, and they are all biblical names. Names from the Bible are also found in many works of literature, like Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, a coming of age story about a young man during the mid twentieth century. The reader is introduced to multiple characters with biblical names, which correspond to the characters’ personalities. In the book Song of Solomon, the characters take on the role of their biblical nam es. Reba, Milkman’s mother, can most closely be associated with RebeccaRead MoreSong Of Solomon Character Analysis1415 Words   |  6 Pages Song of Solomon Topic #5 LAP Abid Ahmad Abid Ahmad 1 The names given to the characters in a book are in many cases the poetic insight to their role and their traits. In this manner, a character’s name can sometimes tell the reader more about them than any specific sentence in the book. This is very much the case with Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon. The characters in the book have names that directly correlate with their role and individual traits. This is the caseRead More A Comparison of Christian Symbols in Song of Solomon, Sula, and Beloved2397 Words   |  10 PagesAlthough religion does not exist as a central theme in Toni Morrison’s work, it does set premise for a richly intertwined web of symbolism. Morrison’s novels focus on the lives of characters acting in the present day or recent past. For African Americans, events of the past are a crucial facet of culture as they seek to remember their history, the most influential of these events reaching far back into the years of slavery. Historians argue that for incoming slaves, Christianity offered a religiousRead MoreSong of Solomon: Ruth and Macons Marriage1425 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Macon Dead II and Ruth’s Marriage and Relationship in Song Of Solomon The abandonment and betrayal of women has been seen throughout history and novels, including Song of Solomon, by Toni Morrison. Morrison uses the relationship of Macon Dead II and Ruth to express this in her book. Morrison also expresses how women are to reliant on their men for support, she uses Pilate to show this. Macon Dead II and Ruth are married and the parents of Milkman, the protagonist of the novel. The novelRead MoreEssay on The Song of Solomon2983 Words   |  12 Pages Book Title Song of Solomon Author Toni Morrison Summary The first black boy ever born in Mercy Hospital in a town in Michigan comes into the world the day after an insurance agent named Robert Smith kills himself by trying to â€Å"fly† from the roof of the hospital across Lake Superior. The boys mother, Ruth, nurses him until he is eight or nine years old, thus earning him the ridiculous nickname Milkman. Milkman befriends an older boy named Guitar, visits his Aunt Pilate, and falls in love withRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pagesthere is a conflict inside of Jack. The hyphens signal the tension inside Jack, and the short sentences build upon that tension. The shorter sentences lend a sense of urgency or frustration when Golding uses this technique. CITATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON WILLIAM GOLDING S LORD OF THE FLIES. Wgaron.html. N.p., 15 Aug. 2000. Web. 17 Aug. 2015. Detailed. Example: â€Å"The pile of guts was a black blob of flies that buzzed like a saw. After a while these flies found Simon. Gorged, they alighted by his

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Marijuana Prohibition Is A Failure And A Waste Of Resources

Abraham Lincoln once said Prohibition goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man s appetite by legislation, and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes.† The prohibition of marijuana has proven to be a failure and a waste of resources. In addition, prohibition has hurt society more than it has helped. Also, marijuana can be used as a medicine to treat many life threatening illnesses. The legalization of marijuana will generate enormous tax revenue, reduce crime, and give sick patients a new effective medicine. Enforcing cannabis laws costs an estimated $10-15 billion annually (Nadelmann â€Å"An end to marijuana prohibition†). This enormous amount of money could be used for many other things, but instead is being wasted. Marijuana prohibition is a failure. In fact, even though marijuana remains completely illegal it is the nation’s leading cash crop. Nearly $36 billion worth of cannabis is grown each year in the US. This exceeds corn, grossing $23 billion, soybeans making $17.6 billion, and hay which earns $12.2 billion annually. California alone grows $13.8 billion worth of cannabis annually (Glaister). Drug laws have successfully reduced the flow of marijuana into the US. This success is the main reason for the colossal amount of cannabis produced here. Large amounts of marijuana are now grown on U.S. soil because of the risks involved in transporting it across borders. If prohibition were effective, it would not force marijuana to be theShow MoreRelatedThe Flawed Drug Poli cy of America1691 Words   |  7 PagesAmericas Flawed Drug Policy Introduction: As a major policy issue in the United States, the War on Drugs has been one of the most monumental failures on modern record. At a cost of billions of taxpayer dollars, thousands of lives lost and many thousands of others ruined by untreated addiction or incarceration, Americas policy orientation concerning drug laws is due for reconsideration. Indeed, the very philosophical orientation of the War on Drugs and of the current drug policy in the UnitedRead MoreThe Devil’s Harvest Essay2832 Words   |  12 Pagesto â€Å"the happy little herb†. Cannabis, which is also called Marijuana, has a known history that dates back over 10,000 years. The oldest remnant of the industry of mankind is a little piece of hemp cloth/fabric that dates back to around 8,000 B.C. (website, HIA: Resources: Education: FAQs Facts: Facts). Cannabis was used by almost every ancient civilization for, but not limited to, ropes, clothing, medicine, and recreation. Marijuana has only been illegal for the past 73 years. The interestingRead More War on Drugs = War on Terrorism Essay2460 Words   |  10 Pagesof the prohibition of drugs by the government, and the U.S. is a leader of the world and is therefore the model for most other country’s prohibition laws on the same drugs. Marijuana is grown everywhere across the United States and is one of the most widely used drugs. People in every state grow marijuana for their own use, for use by their friends, and for sale to make a little profit. I know personally of people who do this; it is not uncommon. Also most of the marijuana purchasedRead MoreWar On Drugs And America2460 Words   |  10 Pagesgovernment became stricter on interstate market. Marijuana was the main focus of the 20th century and one by one, different states began to pass laws banning consumption and marijuana sales. Iowa, Oregon, Arkansas, Washington, and Nevada passed proactive laws in 1923. A couple years later, marijuana consumption rates remained high and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics was founded. Through this the director, Harry Arslinger, managed to pass the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 criminalizing the use of this drugRead More Suffering Patients Need Medical Marijuana Essay2497 Words   |  10 PagesSuffering Patient s Need Medical Marijuana If a doctor told you that you could either go blind in three years from glaucoma or break the law by smoking pot, which would you choose? If marijuana could prolong your life by allowing you to continue cancer chemotherapy without the unending vomiting and nausea, would you consider it? If cannabis could stop epileptic seizures that had plagued you since childhood, would you use it? This medicine can benefit patients suffering from these and many otherRead MoreArguments for Further Amendments to the NDPS Act2285 Words   |  10 PagesSubstances Act (NDPS) 1985 in the winter parliament session of 2015. The Ministry of Finance is expected to propose groundbreaking amendments which allow the state to introduce legal regulation of certain illicit drugs, including the decriminalization of marijuana possession. It is in this context that the Harm Reduction International – India Chapter (HRI-IC) has decided to commission this policy brief to provide recommendations that we believe s hould not be left out of the policy reform. Punitive measuresRead MoreDecriminalization of Drugs3014 Words   |  13 Pagesthe recent rise in drug addiction, the decriminalization of all drugs would help reduce the epidemic of substance abuse by treating it as a brain disease, reduce the overcrowded prisons in America, and therefore eliminate wasting time and precious resources in the failed war on drugs. 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Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Introduction to Cataloging and Classification, Tenth Edition Arlene G. Taylor LIbRaRy and InfoRMaTIon CenTeR ManageMenT Seventh Edition Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesprior to his passing in 1975 and after. Many believe that Selassie was a dictator and a cruel leader. That he is regarded as God incarnate seems patently absurd. 4. It is not clear whether Selassie believed himself to be a God. 5. For Rastas, marijuana, which is illegal in Jamaica, is a sacrament for worship. 6. Rastas regard western society as part of Babylon—a system and a place that is the enemy of the blacks of the world. FOREWORD ix 7. There is still no organized set of doctrines

Friday, December 13, 2019

Do Child’s Shoe Size Increase with Age Free Essays

Do Children’s shoe size increase in age? IntroductionI teased apart from my evidence relevant data collected three important bits of information being, age, shoe size and gender I then gathered the data and evaluated the information after converting it into tables, graphs and charts. I gathered data from various ages, with various shoe size. Using evidence to understand and conclude which hypothesis is the most accurate. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Child’s Shoe Size Increase with Age or any similar topic only for you Order Now I understood the frame work of my report and from prior knowledge I already had a thesis of my own. Using mind mapping I created Ideas for obtaining relevant data. AimThe aim of my investigation is to have obtained enough relevant data to confirm the most accurate hypothesis and reinforce my argument. The evidence needs to be clear and precise and specific points summarised. Hypothesis and Null HypothesisHypothesis- Do children’s shoe size increase with age? Null hypothesis- As children get older their shoe size do not get bigger. MethodI devised a simple short questionnaire to obtain three important parts of information, gender, shoe size and age. All participants were sixteen or under I received consent from themselves or their parents and explained the reasons for my research. I then transferred the data into a tally chart and calculated how many participants have what size shoe. I then displayed the data into a barchart, pie chart and a scatter graph. I used various ways of working out the averages. Participants ages ranged from ten years of age to sixteen years of age, their shoe size ranged from a children’s size thirteen to a size seven. MethodTo obtain my evidence I devised a questionnaire and explained to participants if I could ask them three short questions to complete my report. The selected questions I chose I felt would be enough to put a report together, to observe a trend and to confirm statistics. Participants I asked thirty participants ranging from ten years of age to sixteen years of age, male and female with shoe sizes verying from a childs size thirteen to a size seven. I asked equal amount of female participants to male participants. MaterialsEach participants where asked if they were happy for myself to ask three simple questions reference to their age, gender and shoe size. Younger participants guardians were also asked if they were happy for me to ask their childrens questions from my short questionnaire. All participants I knew personally, they were either friends, relatives or work collegues. Each questionnaire displayed ‘Thank you for completing this short questionnaire’?Do children’s shoe size increase with ag eI disected the data into sections to understand, firstly the average shoe size overall, having relevant information allowed me to devise charts, graphs and tables to evaluate whether shoe size increase with age. DiscussionI feel the range of age could be better as I had no knowledge of the children’s age before the questionnaire was completed by them which altered my results. The results clearly supported the Hypothesis. Some results I would not have predicted for instance a thirteen year old boy with size seven shoe. Certain factors such as gender may have affected my results, some of the participants were teenagers and were probably experiencing growth spurts especially male participants as some results were quite surprising as mentione previously. I asked thirty participants which I felt was enough children to have enough date to devise a report maybe the range of the participants ages may have given me an interested twist to the Hypothesis. If I was to complete my studies again I would probably have a larger range of the participants age, I feel that the equal amount of male and female participants provided a fair report. ConclusionAnalyzing my findings I can see that the overal participants shoe size did increase with age, the Hypothesis seems to be correct. I feel I obtained enough data to understand if the Hypothesis was true or false. I can also analyze the most reliable average is mode. The average shoe size with in the participants age range of ten years to sixteen years is a size three. How to cite Do Child’s Shoe Size Increase with Age, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Advertising and Integrated Marketing Communication

Question: Discuss about the Advertising and Integrated Marketing Communication. Answer: Introduction: The background of Samsung Gear VR is based on some features. Samsung Gear VR headset is an advanced head gear engineered delicately to meet the demands of modern generations. It has been made securely to make it comfortable for use. It is designed to watch epic movies with maximum precision and diligence. It also provides an excellent amount of services. Literature review: Concept of IMC: Integrated marketing communication plan has emerged since the year 1990s and it was coined by institute namely American Association of Advertising Agencies. Integrated marketing plan consists of two plans; above and below-line strategies; conventional and non-conventional media based strategies (Barger Labrecque, 2013). Marketing depends on the relationship between resources and competencies developed to create and sustain customer value while executing and carrying out market strategies based on. Importance of IMC in present day business marketing operations: IMC is important in marketing integration analysis done in terms of a chosen target market. The importance can be analyzed in terms of additional opportunities to increase their campaigns and upstart their business along with reducing marketing costs. The tools of business analysis are advertising strategies, media, mail and telemarketing and sales promotion and provisions for clarity, competence, consistency and communications according to American Association of Advertising Agencies (Chitty et al. 2015). Components of IMC: IMC is an advanced and modern version of traditionally defined marketing strategy and it is mainly comprised of communication based plans for carrying out the products information to the stakeholders or persons related with the firm. IMC comprised several parts such as that of geographical distances and complexities of operations which enable the firms to compete effectively in world market (Batra Keller, 2016). Process of IMC: The process of IMC is executed with the help of following steps: knowledge of target audience, development of situation-based analysis, determination of market communication related strategies, determination of amount of the budget related with each strategy, proper implementation of strategies and tactics, proper measure of evaluation and measurement procedures in context of the educational tourism industry. Figure 1: Process of IMC (Source: Kim, Kim, Marshall, 2016) Description Wise analysis of market segments The Samsung Gear market is based on investment decisions related to market segmentation strategies. Markets are segmented on the basis of geography, socio-culture and demography. In each of these cases, the segments should be targeted in accordance with the service pattern of educational tourism industry sector. In terms of geographical market segmentation process, segmentation is done as per the location parameter in terms of market of Samsung Gear VR market.(Reinold Tropp, 2012). The socio-cultural segmentation process proceeds with the process of segmentation of Samsung Gear VR product in terms of socio-cultural tastes and pattern of the customer community. The target customers for IMC are mainly the students of various educational institutions in the principal cities of Australia namely, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide. Apart from the students, the IMC plan will also cater to the dynamic tourist market segments in the above geographic locations (Kotler et al. 2015). The next method of segmentation of Samsung Gear VR is done in terms of demographical pattern or population based pattern of global customers (Mihart, 2012). Hence demography plays a wide role in determination of demand and utility pattern of the Samsung Gear VR product. The market segments as classified as per the product based need of Samsung Gear VR. Segmentation of market is an important procedure cum exercise of the Samsung Gear VR. It should be noted that segmentation is done as per the requirements of three groups or communities of customers namely students of educational department of tourism (Blakeman, 2014). Details about marketing communication objectives: The three basic objectives are as follows: To promote brand awareness strategy and product knowledge based strategy through the media like videos broadcasted online through social platforms and internet To influence customer attitudes towards the use of Samsung Gear VR fulfilled through the use of appropriate media vehicle justifying the use of the product To influence the purchasing intention of consumers which can be done or achieved by bringing together the strategies cum objectives of brand promotion and influencing of customer attitudes in a systematic manner. IMC tools to be used: The IMC tools based on marketing is based on the mobile company of SAMSUNG selling exclusive mobile accessories of Samsung Gear mainly Samsung Gear VR is a specifically designed market-based tools being made for Samsung Gear VR products (Gear VR | SAMSUNG Australia, 2016). The IMC tools to be used for marketing of Samsung Gear VR market is dependent on two varieties of target customers namely the tourists and students as mentioned above. The tools can be analyzed on the basis of processes of Sales promotion and advertising (Richards, 2011). The IMC tools for tourists are proper funding being allocated to produce Samsung gear VR based on the needs and necessities of tour and travelling and expeditions which require camera and video uploading devices of maximum range and capacity and it is provided by Samsung gear VR (Porcu, del Barrio-Garca, Kitchen, 2012).The IMC tools for students include the short range camera and video devices to be used for academic purposes and to be used pract ically based on the same criteria of students project based exertions for research and doing project works and all. The sales are promoted with the help of the general marketing tools of mobile company SAMSUNG in relationship with other mobile markets for increasing the spirit of marketing with the a id of competitive advantage principle. The advertising tools of marketing strategy based analysis are also dependent on the popularity of Samsung tools in the hearts of all the game-loving people dwelling in and around the business world. (Mihart, 2012). Types of creative advertising strategies The creative marketing strategies in context with the IMC for Samsung Gear will be based on the three different styles of creative advertising strategies. Unique selling proposition (USP) strategy: is one the primary strategy that will play a vital role in the overall plan. Creative advertising strategies are of various kinds (Schlinke, Crain, 2013). The USP strategy of Samsung is unique in nature especially its feature of providing the experience of virtual reality. The advertising process of USP strategy of Samsung Gear market is based on campaigning for student based Samsung Gear Products and tourist -based Samsung Gear products each done differently as per the needs and necessities of both group of customers (Blakeman, 2014). Brand image strategy: It is the second best possible strategy being exclusively designed for Samsung market. Brand image strategy is strictly based on customer experiences and proper brand promotion and in market it is being organized thoroughly and also being followed in a sound manner for the proper promotion of products of Samsung Gear market products among the customers and it has achieved much popularity in the same. Branding unique pair of Samsung Gear VR products for students needing the product for academic purposes and branding of Samsung Gear VRproducts for tourists requiring the same for long distance travel and expedition based needs are done in an efficient manner with punctuality and accuracy. Generic strategy: It is the strategic planning by any firm to improve and develop its competitive advantage and in terms of Samsung Gear VR market it is used as an excellent purpose based strategy for marketing the product among students and tourists based on three processes of focusing the nature of demand pattern of the market, differentiating among the different preference pattern of the customers and keeping an eye on achieving low cost production techniques of Samsung Gear VR product (Rosi Jure, 2016). Development of Media Plan: The media plan of Samsung gear market starts with communication based initiatives starting from cellular communication and ending with vehicular based strategy in accordance with the plan to reach the target audience demanding the particular product as fast as possible or as soon as possible. It is related with the execution period of the plan starting from its promotion that how soon the product will reach the specified target audience through their mode of IMC. The duration is generally a period of consecutive months as considered and fixed by the IMC mode of business. Samsung gear market is especially being designed for the conduction of the plan and the promotion of the media plan is strictly in accordance with the modus operandi of the company (Gear VR | SAMSUNG Australia, 2016). This media plan will use social media platforms like Instagram and Twitter along with promotion through gazette magazines to promote efficient measures of media planning within a stipulated monthly period. As many as 30 million target audiences or 30 million mobile units are being sold within a stipulated years monthly time period which starts from the very month of first April and ends in December at its very end and each year reaching a sure amount of 80% targeted business people in Australia especially consisting of young generation with a targeted budget amount of AUD 80,000. The media plan starts with customer engagement at the beginning of the monthly period, then in the middle it is busy with the proper vehicle being required for promotion of media plan and then the last period of the plan is for sales execution (Kim, Kim Marshall, 2016). The media vehicle being widely used for execution of the media-based planning of Samsung gear VR is journals, newspapers, online media and offline business advertisements of Oculus origin and Facebook messenger. Not only this it gives effort to maximization of chances to boost up its production so as to produce more than the specified amount as promised and even strive to produce more than the maximum number of units for target audiences in time (Batra Keller, 2016). Media Vehicles Amount (In AUD) Duration Start Date End Date Advertising (through PPC, SEM online magazines etc.) 28,000 120 days 1.10.2016 31.1.2017 Online marketing (through social media platforms) 32,000 120 days 1.10.2016 31.1.2017 Sales promotions through educational fairs and other events 20,000 60 days 1.12.2016 31.1.2017 Total 80, 000 120 days 1.10.2016 31.2017 Table 1: Budget allocation for IMC plan (Source: Created by author) Conclusion In the concluding part of business and marketing it may be mentioned that the report of IMC (Integrated Business Based strategy) is such that it contains and comprises of essentialities of marketing strategies being strictly included in the process of market -based management process to be included properly and efficiently. References: Barger, V. A., Labrecque, L. (2013). An integrated marketing communications perspective on social media metrics. International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, Spring. Batra, R., Keller, K. L. (2016). Integrating Marketing Communications: New Findings, New Lessons and New Ideas. Journal of Marketing. Blakeman, R. (2014). Integrated marketing communication: creative strategy from idea to implementation. Rowman Littlefield. Chitty, W, Baker, N, Valos, M Shimp, TA (2015). Integrated marketing communications (4th Ed). South Melbourne, VIC, Cengage Learning Australia Gear VR | SAMSUNG Australia. (2016). Samsung AU. Retrieved 5 September 2016, from https://www.samsung.com/au/consumer/mobile-phone/wearables/gear/SM-R322NZWAXSA Kim, J., Kim, J. E., Marshall, R. (2016). Are two arguments always better than one? persuasion Knowledge moderating the effect of integrated marketing communications. European Journal of Marketing, 50(7/8). Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015). Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Mihart, C. (2012). Impact of integrated marketing communication on consumer behaviour: Effects on consumer decision-making process. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(2), 121. Porcu, L., del Barrio-Garca, S., Kitchen, P. J. (2012). How Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) works? A theoretical review and an analysis of its main drivers and effects/ Cmo funciona la Comunicacin Integrada de Marketing (CIM)? Una revisin terica y un anlisis de sus antecedentes y efectos. Comunicacin y sociedad, 25(1), 313. Reinold, T., Tropp, J. (2012). Integrated marketing communications: How can we measure its effectiveness?. Journal of Marketing Communications, 18(2), 113-132. Richards, G. (2011). Tourism trends: tourism, culture and cultural routes. Cultural tourism trends in Europe: a context for the development of Cultural Routes. In: Khovanova-Rubicondo, K.(ed.) Impact of European Cultural Routes on SMEs innovation and competitiveness, Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 21-39. Rosi, M., Jure, M. (2016). Market orientation of business schools and development of professional competencies of students in the tourism business. TIMS. Acta, 10(1), 53-62. Schlinke, J., Crain, S. (2013). Social Media from an Integrated Marketing and Compliance Perspective. Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 67(2). Shimp, T. A., Andrews, J. C. (2012). Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Yeshin, T. (2012). Integrated marketing communications. Routledge.